Diabetic Nephropathy
Early detection and comprehensive management to protect your kidney health if you live with diabetes
What is it?
Diabetic nephropathy is the progressive damage to the kidneys caused by elevated blood glucose levels. It is one of the main complications of diabetes and the most common cause of chronic kidney disease.
Glomerular Damage
High glucose damages the microscopic filters of the kidneys (glomeruli)
Gradual Progression
Develops slowly, potentially taking years to show symptoms
Stages of the Disease
Diabetic nephropathy progresses in 5 stages based on kidney function (GFR)
Stage 1
GFR ≥90 mL/minKidney Damage with Normal Function
Kidneys function normally but there are early signs of damage (microalbuminuria)
Stage 2
GFR 60-89 mL/minMild Damage
Slight decrease in kidney function, generally without symptoms
Stage 3
GFR 30-59 mL/minModerate Damage
Symptoms such as fatigue, swelling, and urine changes may appear
Stage 4
GFR 15-29 mL/minSevere Damage
Very reduced kidney function, more evident symptoms, preparation for dialysis
Stage 5
GFR <15 mL/minEnd-Stage Kidney Failure
Kidneys have lost almost all function, requires dialysis or transplant
Note: Early detection in stages 1-2 allows effective interventions that can delay or prevent progression.
Risk Factors and Symptoms
Knowing risk factors helps with prevention and early detection
Risk Factors
- Inadequate glucose control (high HbA1c)
- Uncontrolled elevated blood pressure
- Long-duration diabetes (>10 years)
- Family history of kidney disease
- Active smoking
- High cholesterol levels (LDL)
- Obesity and overweight
Warning Signs
- Protein in urine (persistent foam)
- Swelling in legs, ankles, or face
- Blood pressure difficult to control
- Chronic fatigue and weakness
- Nausea and loss of appetite
- Changes in urinary frequency
- Persistent skin itching
Prevention Strategies
If you live with diabetes, these measures can protect your kidneys
Glucose Control
Keeping HbA1c below 7% significantly reduces risk
Blood Pressure
Goal: below 130/80 mmHg for kidney protection
Regular Checkups
Annual kidney function and albuminuria tests
Protective Medications
ACE inhibitors or ARBs as prescribed
Active Life
Regular exercise 150 min/week improves control
Kidney Diet
Reduce sodium, protein based on stage, adequate hydration
Treatment Options
Personalized multidisciplinary approach based on disease stage
Medical Management
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs (protect the kidney)
- SGLT2 inhibitors (reduce progression)
- Strict glucose control
- Blood pressure medications
Lifestyle Modifications
- Low sodium and protein diet
- Regular moderate exercise
- Maintain healthy weight
- Stop smoking completely
Continuous Monitoring
- Regular HbA1c and glucose measurement
- Kidney function monitoring (GFR)
- Albuminuria analysis
- Blood pressure follow-up
Advanced Stages
- Dialysis preparation
- Kidney transplant evaluation
- Complication management
- Specialized nutritional support
Important: Early treatment can significantly delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Early detection is essential for better outcomes.
Why Choose Dr. Pamela Vázquez?
Certified Experience
Over 7 years specialized in nephrology and diabetic complications
Comprehensive Care
Complete management coordinated with endocrinology and nutrition
Early Detection
Screening and prevention programs for diabetic patients
Personalized Follow-up
Continuous monitoring adapted to each stage of the disease
Updated Treatment
Therapies based on the latest international clinical guidelines
Humanized Medicine
Care with empathy, professionalism, and patient education
Schedule Your Appointment
If you live with diabetes, protect your kidneys with specialized evaluation and follow-up